Climatological Study of Air Pollutant Emissions in Saudi Arabia

This study aims to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution, variation, abrupt change, and long-term trends of major pollutant emissions in Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA) over period 1960–2020 using Monitoring Atmospheric Composition Climate (MACC)/CityZEN EU projects (MACCity) dataset inventory. These pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), black (BC), (OC). Seven stations were selected (Al-Bahah, Abha, Dahra, Jeddah, Riyadh, Qassim, Ahsa), which correspond highest (hotspot) annual emissions. The cycle analysis six revealed that there four distinct patterns; first one has interannual wave while other three patterns have two waves. different sectors’ contributions energy, transportation, industries sectors percentage contributions. Significant change points detected 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2005, 2010. development growth rates KSA starting from early 1970s attributed oil boom. great increase 1980s followed by 1990s up 2000 is due an fossil fuel demand, industries, energy consumption.